tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-1321627781114796332024-03-13T17:01:14.515-04:00Twice Told TalesThe Course Blog for Honors H 234, Twice Told Tales. Spring 2014. Indiana University at Bloomington.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger171125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-17703829027851322712014-04-22T18:01:00.000-04:002014-04-22T18:01:42.717-04:00Power and Empathy in Children<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>The Jungle Book</i> by
Rudyard Kipling and <i>The Graveyard Book </i>by
Neil Gaiman have numerous similarities within the storyline, however, a more
significant meaning lies within the differences. Mowgli the frog and Nobody “Bod” Owens, the protagonists
of <i>The Jungle Book</i> and <i>The Graveyard Book</i> respectively have
similar adventures within their stories, but they differ personality-wise. Mowgli’s defining characteristic is control,
while Bod’s is empathy. The emphasis on
these qualities highlights the authors’ views on how children should behave
based on the authors’ backgrounds and personal beliefs. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Kipling grew up with parents who thought of themselves as “Anglo-Indians”,
meaning that they were of British origin living in India. This resulted in identity issues for Kipling
throughout his childhood. He experienced
intense cruelty and neglect during the 1870’s as he and his sister were taken
in by a couple in India (“Rudyard Kipling”).
His life lacked control and as a child he lacked power. He highlights the importance of control and
power in the youth through Mowgli in <i>The
Jungle Book</i>. Mowgli is taught that
the Law of the Jungle is to “[s]trike first and then give tongue” (<i>The Jungle Book</i>, 17), emphasizing the
importance of having control in the situation and possessing the most power. He also learns that he has power within his
family of wolves. He is told that “[t]he
others they hate thee because their eyes cannot meet thine; because thou art
wise” (<i>The Jungle Book</i>, 17). Mowgli uses his power over other animals to
control them and for his personal benefit.
Kipling, influenced by his own childhood, makes clear through the use of
Mowgli the values and characteristics he believes children should possess.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Gaiman had a very different childhood than Kipling. He could read at the age of four, exposing
himself to different worlds and different types of people early on in his life
(“Neil Gaiman”). He was happy while
reading; he was continuously learning.
He learned to put himself into the characters’ shoes, adopting
empathy. Gaiman communicates the
importance of empathy in children through Bod in <i>The Graveyard Book</i>. Bod
feels the witch’s pain in “The Witch’s Headstone” and goes on a mission to help
her get her own headstone (<i>The Graveyard
Book</i>, 99). He makes friends with her,
and she later helps him in tough situations.
Bod also feels empathetic to the younger children being bullied in “Nobody
Owens’ School Days” and stands up to the bullies to help them (<i>The Graveyard Book</i>, 174). Though he got himself in some trouble by speaking
up, he felt good and prevented the future bullying of the younger
students. Gaiman saw the effects of
empathy in children through himself and the characters in the books he read and
uses Bod to exhibit the importance of empathy in children.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Although <i>The Jungle Book</i> and <i>The Graveyard Book</i> have similar
storylines, they have different messages.
Kipling used Mowgli to express the importance of power and control in children,
while Gaiman used Bod to highlight the importance of empathy. They both put their respective characters in
situations where control or empathy will shine through. Mowgli and Bod are ultimately influenced from
the younger Kipling and Gaiman and their own experiences as children. <o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04520961225832894305noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-4119669914271691482014-04-22T17:55:00.001-04:002014-04-22T17:55:20.004-04:00Fear in The Jungle Book and The Graveyard Book<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Rudyard Kipling’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Jungle Book</i> and Neil Gaiman’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Graveyard Book</i> use fear in noticeably different ways. Where Kipling’s
character Mowgli is able to use fear in order to gain power and dominance over
other members of his jungle, Gaiman’s character Nobody is often taught that
fear is better as a last resort, if it has to be used at all. These two
approaches show the change in the views of fear between the years that the two
books were published, from a useful way to gain authority to a negative method
used only by those who have nothing else to offer.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Mowgli is often rewarded for his ability to inspire fear in
other characters. He was able to show power in “Mowgli’s Brothers” by waving a
stick of fire “among the cowering wolves” (21). As a result of their fear, he
was able to order the wolves not to kill Akela, and had the power over them
that he needed in order to stay safe and make his own decisions. Fear was an
acceptable method of gaining power over the wolves that wanted to cast him out.
An entire story, “How Fear Came,” tells of how the tiger brought fear into the
jungle, and that fear took the form of a man, and now a tiger can only hunt
once a month without fear (157). Even Tabaqui, the small jackal, gains power
when he forgets his own fear; he will occasionally go mad, “and then he forgets
that he was afraid of anyone” (5). When this happens, every animal is afraid of
him, even the tiger; without his fear, the jackal becomes powerful. Fear is a
weakness in Kipling’s novel, and being able to create it is an enormous power.
It is an asset to be able to scare someone else.</div>
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<br /></div>
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Nobody, however, learns that fear is not a very useful
weapon. When he and Scarlett encounter the Sleer, they are able to escape precisely
because they are not afraid of it (56). Fear is an unreliable weapon at best,
and it often results in punishment or regret. Mo and Nick, two of Nobody’s
classmates, use fear in order to scare classmates; they are shown to be the
antagonists of their story, and Bod only uses fear against them as a last
resort (183, 208). Silas uses fear as a weapon, as well, but he is shown to
regret it: “I was the monster, then” (303). The ability to scare is not a
demonstration of power so much as it is a last resort or a regrettable action.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00591054993600515260noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-14307064257111652092014-04-22T17:50:00.001-04:002014-04-22T17:50:11.118-04:00While the similarities between The Graveyard Book and The Jungle Book are plentiful and purposeful but one of the ways that Gaiman decided to distance his work from Kipling is through his portrayal of his protagonist. While Bod and Mowgli both are similar in their isolation from the human world and their "feral" nature, they differ in their interactions with the human world as well as their roles in their respective novels.<div>
Both Mowgli and Bod are confined to an area that is mostly free from human interactions. Mowgli spends his time in the jungle where he lives and talks with animals because he was separated from his parents during a tiger attack and Bod lives in the Graveyard with ghosts, vampires and werewolves because his family was murdered by Jack. However where Mowgli is separated from humanity for much of the Jungle Book, Bod's companions are obviously more closely linked to the human world seeing as the ghosts were humans and Silas and Miss Lupescu are both humanoid. Bod even has a human companion that he interacts with for a considerable period of time in Scarlet. Fittingly, the similarity of their upbringings leads to very similar ends of both Mowgli and Bod. Once the two characters begin to grow up the grow out of their childhood homes as well. Mowgli drifts out of the jungle and into the human world, even being adopted by Messua and her husband, and although Mowgli still has interactions with the jungle, by the end of the book it is clear that Mowgli has chosen a life of man as opposed to one of animals. Like Mowgli, Bod is slowly forced out of the graveyard as he begins to lose the power of the graveyard when he grows up. However with Mowgli we know that later in his life he still has a connection with the jungle as is shown in the story Into the Rukh but with Bod, the ending of the Graveyard book makes it clear that he will not return to the graveyard. </div>
<div>
The two characters have their similarities as well as their difference in their interaction with the human world as well as their futures one large difference Mowgli and Bod have is their role in the stories of Kipling and Gaiman. Kipling uses Mowgli for only part of The Jungle Book as his growing up is not suitable for a children's book as opposed to Gaiman who fully explains the end of Bod's life in the graveyard. The difference between the two characters roles with humans as well as their roles in their stories shows the fundamental difference in times between the two novels. In Kipling's world it was possible for someone like Mowgli to exist, a feral child in the untamed jungle of central India. However with Gaiman this is not the case, a person cannot live detached from society like Mowgli once did, the difference of the times is shown at the very end of The Graveyard Book when Bod leaves forever and Silas gives him a passport and a wad of cash.</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11590095523324544026noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-90090424328220363412014-04-22T17:07:00.002-04:002014-04-22T17:07:16.538-04:00The Protagonists and Their Cultural Contexts<i>The Jungle Book</i> and <i>The Graveyard Book</i> are clearly companion stories because of their many similarities, yet they maintain marked differences between each other. The most intriguing of these distinctions can be made between the protagonists Mowgli and Nobody, and it is this difference that gives each story its own unique tone. One of the main differences between the two characters is in how they relate to others. The main way that Mowgli relates to the animals around him is by dominating them. For example, when his wolf friends come to help him kill Shere Khan, instead of commiserating with them as equals, he uses Akela and Grey Brother as tools to obtain his ends, ordering them about in a domineering manner (Kipling 61). This instance shows Mowgli's feelings of superiority over the animals, which explains his behavior towards them. Though he values them in some ways, he is also imbued with a sense of inherent superiority because he is a man. This superiority of mind to his fellow creatures allows him to get away with dominating the other animals without any real consequences. This hierarchical style of thinking was common in Kipling's India, especially in relations between white men and Indians, and is reflected in Mowgli's treatment of others. On the other hand, Bod tends to relate to others in a much more friendly way. Instead of dominating others and forcing them to help him like Mowgli, Bod makes friends who come to help him because they care about him. A good example of this can be seen in Bod's friendship with Liza the witch; he is friendly and kind to her, and in return she helps him out of his scrape with the police. She tells Bod "us in the graveyard, we wants you to stay alive. We wants you to surprise us and disappoint us and impress us and amaze us"; because of the way he relates to others, I have a hard time imagining any of the animals of <i>The Jungle Book</i> saying something like that to Mowgli (Gaiman 198). Bod's loyalty and appreciation for the skills and wits of his friends set him apart from Mowgli and reflect an idealistic view of how modern people should treat each other.<br />
<br />
Another important difference between Mowgli and Bod is that they face challenging situations differently. When Mowgli encounters a threat, he jumps straight to using fear and actions to overcome his situation. In the story "Mowgli's Brothers", Shere Khan uses his influence to turn the wolves against Mowgli, and Mowgli retaliates by threatening them with fire. He uses his wits to inspire fear and intimidate his former friends, particularly when he "flung the fire-pot on the ground, and some of the red coals lit a tuft of dried moss that flared up as all the Council drew back in terror before the leaping flames" (Kipling 21). Mowgli is much more of a man of action than Bod is, a trait that reflects the more rugged sentiment of the time in which <i>The Jungle Book</i> was written. Instead of jumping head-first into action, Bod tries to reason his way out of his scrapes. When he faces the bullies at school, Bod tries to reason with them first, and only as a last resort uses dream walking to scare Nick and threats of haunting to scare Mo (Gaiman 183-209). In the more modern times in which <i>The Graveyard Book</i> was written, being able to reason your way out of a bad situation is seen as a much better alternative to violence. Though these two characters are similar, they are also significantly different because of the cultural contexts in which they were written. Rachael Bradshawhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03143544156576221438noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-35925839852903097312014-04-22T17:04:00.002-04:002014-04-22T17:04:12.998-04:00
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The
keys to survival in Neil Gaiman’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Graveyard Book</i> differ from the keys to survival in Rudyard Kipling’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book</i>. In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book</i> one of the main keys to survival is empathy. Bod
displays empathy in “The Witches Headstone.” In “The Witches Headstone” Bod
meets Liza Hempstock, who was buried without a headstone because she was a
witch. Gaiman states, “And she looked so sad, just for a moment, that Bod
wanted to hug her. And then it came to him…he would find Liza Hempstock a
headstone, with her name upon it. He would make her smile” (Gaiman 113). Bod
empathizes with Liza and feels bad that she is upset about not having a
headstone. He is propelled to action by this feeling of empathy and leaves the
graveyard to find Liza a headstone. Leaving the graveyard is breaking the rules
but Bod places helping Liza as a higher priority. Bod is rewarded for being
empathetic when Liza helps him escape. She also does a spell that allows him to
fade, which he could not do before. Bod’s actions in “The Witches Headstone”
were motivated by wanting to help someone else rather than self-interest. The
positive end result of his actions indicate that empathy is valued in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin: 0in 0in 0pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The Jungle Book does not highlight
empathy as a significant trait. One of the important keys to survival in The
Jungle Book is following and knowing the laws of the jungle. Baloo takes on the
task of teaching Mowgli all the laws of the jungle. He hits Mowgli when he does
not remember things and says, “Better he should be bruised from head to foot by
me who love him than that he should come to harm through ignorance” (Kipling
28). Baloo thinks learning and remembering the laws of the jungle is of the
utmost importance. Although Mowgli hates his lessons, knowing the laws is for
his protection. Mowgli is later rewarded for learning the laws when he is
kidnapped by the monkeys. He uses the Master Words of the birds and a bird
helps him. Baloo and Bagheera are able to find Mowgli and rescue him as a
result of Mowgli remembering his lessons. Following the laws is another
important key to survival, breaking them means death. In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book </i>breaking the rules is discouraged, but the
punishment is much harsher in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle
Book</i>. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book</i> places a
significance on order and organization that <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Graveyard Book </i>does not. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
IndigoE(that'sme)http://www.blogger.com/profile/00994000613709891422noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-9661395621519615402014-04-22T17:01:00.004-04:002014-04-22T17:01:53.919-04:00Teaching Strategies In order to survive and
flourish, Mowgli and Bod must learn about the history, customs, and dangers of
their surroundings. The children’s teachers use different methods in order to
instill knowledge. In the graveyard, the inhabitants change in response to
Bod’s arrival and in the jungle, the animals expect Mowgli to adapt and
assimilate into the culture. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
graveyard provides a more child-centered place of learning in which Bod’s
contribution is valued whereas the jungle is patronizing and views children as
untrained adults. Both Baloo of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Jungle Book </i>and Miss Lupescu of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Graveyard Book</i> rely on rote memorization to teach their pupils, but they
respond differently to the child’s rejection of the method. <br />
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Mowgli is compelled to
learn about the ways of the jungle and blend into the already established
culture. Baloo believes strongly in the importance of rote memorization and
would never be convinced otherwise even when his pupil responds negatively. Mowgli
has to “repeat the same thing a hundred times” (Kipling 28) and eventually
becomes “angry and indignant” (Kipling 28) after enduring Baloo’s physical
punishment. He is driven to play with the monkeys because they give him
attention and agree with his resentment towards his teacher. Mowgli is
unwilling to learn because Baloo insists on rough beatings and passive
memorization. After Baloo and Bagheera save Mowgli from the Monkey People, they
remind him that “sorrow never stays punishment” (Kipling 48). Even though it
was Baloo’s beatings and emphasis on rote memory that drove Mowgli away, the
bear shows no intention of changing his ways. Baloo learns nothing from his
experience and is more concerned with shaming Mowgli about his actions. Baloo
does not take into account the reasons behind Mowgli’s interactions with the
monkeys and continues to beat him. Mowgli’s feelings of shame and indignation
have zero effect on the consequences of his behavior and on Baloo’s teaching
methods. Kipling emphasizes the consistency of punishment despite Baloo’s worry
and love towards his pupil. Young Mowgli must adapt to the environment rather
than expect the animals changing in response to his needs. </div>
<div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: .5in;">
The graveyard is responsive
to Bod’s needs creating a child-centered environment that respects Bod. Unlike
Baloo, when Miss Lupescu sees that Bod is upset and angry about her lessons,
she listens to his opinion and changes. Bod’s teacher “taught in lists” (Gaiman
71) and her strictness made Bod feel “unloved and underappreciated” (Gaiman
73). The author’s choice of the word, “unappreciated” indicates how he believes
children should be valued and respected. On the other hand, Kipling’s tone of
voice emphasizes the failures and naiveté of children who are in need of
consistent punishment. After Bod is safe, Miss Lupescu tells Silas that she “also
learned things” (Gaiman 98). Lupescu admits fallibility and shows that she may
have regretted her teaching methods.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>She
begins to take Bod’s interests and feelings into consideration. She teaches him
about the constellations (Gaiman 95) in response to his curiosity about them. Miss
Lupescu shows that she cares about Bod and works on being a more effective
teacher for him.</div>
Elissahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15570958446173864012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-67633308378319263752014-04-22T17:00:00.002-04:002014-04-22T17:00:33.714-04:00The Inevitable End(ing) and the Its LessonsThe endings of <i>The Jungle Book</i> and <i>The Graveyard Book</i> describe a common lesson of growing up, one that does not change in the hundred years between stories. The symptoms Mowgli and Bod have are linked to a common cause, which is something a young-teenage audience would soon experience. However, the experiences between the characters have something to say about how growing up has changed over time.<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
For Mowgli, his coming-of-age happens at seventeen, when "the Time of New Talk is here, because then thou [Bagheera] and the others all run away and leave me alone" (318). The experience, which is something to which an audience of that age could relate, suggests the use of the story as a book of life lessons for young people. As Mowgli's family becomes more distant from him, he lashes out at Bagheera and Gray Brother in his sadness and confusion (330). His experience of growing up around creatures unlike him, while more extreme than just growing up in a more "regular" family, parallels the outside world in such a way to cause recognition among older readers as well. With such an ending, Kipling allows the audience to make an empathetic connection, showing how Mowgli's leaving the Jungle is similar to a person just grown up leaving home.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Instead of alienation, Bod experiences a fading. At fifteen, he loses his dominion over the Graveyard similarly to how Mowgli loses control of the animals in The Spring Running chapter (Kipling 318, Gaiman 295). While Mowgli's experience might have been more accurate for people in his time period, Bod's gradual growing-out-of his family suggests a different story for the present day. Gaiman suggests that to youth, the experiences and stories of one's parents seem to change less than their own, much like Bod's recollections of the Owenses, as well as every creature in the Graveyard. Even the animals "at Bod's approach...looked up, startled then fled into the undergrowth" when "if they were feeling friendly they even let [Bod] pet them" (295). Ultimately, Mrs. Owens' final words to Bod, "I am so proud of you, my son," show how close the family still is, unlike Mowgli's drifting from his friends in the Pack. Because of the relationship between the living and the dead, Bod knows he will come back to his family in time, just like many people growing up today come back to their families in the end.</div>
Andrew Mabenhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15737591601533832269noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-87674180362181334652014-04-22T16:58:00.006-04:002014-04-22T16:58:35.617-04:00The Next Great AdventureIn Rudyard Kipling's <i>The Jungle Book</i>, the orphaned Mowgli grows up under the supervision of Mother and Father Wolf, who treat him as they treat their other wolf cubs. In Neil Gaiman's <i>The Graveyard Book</i>, the orphaned child grows up under the supervision of the childless ghostly Owens couple, who name him Nobody. Both Mowgli and Nobody experience the isolation of aging at a different rate than their peers; Mowgli ages more slowly due to his longer lifespan, and Nobody ages more quickly because the ghosts are frozen in time. As a result, Mowgli's life in the jungle contains more fear of death than Nobody's life does in the graveyard. <br />
<br />
While Mowgli's faux brothers provide him with companionship throughout his childhood, their biological differences lead Mowgli to live a life in fear of death. When Bagheera implores Mowgli to beware of Shere Khan, Mowgli responds, "I have the Pack and I have thee; and Baloo, though he is so lazy, might strike a blow or two for my sake. Why should I be afraid?" (Kipling, 15). While this suggests a lack of fear, Mowgli is driven to leave the jungle, and his anguish at leaving his pseudo-family is such that he says, "I do not wish to leave the jungle, and I do not know what this is. Am I dying, Bagheera?" (Kipling, 22). His attachment to his brothers makes him fearful of separation, both by death and by being forced to grow apart.<br />
<br />
In contrast, Nobody's companionship with the Owens and the other spirits of the graveyard lessens his fear of death. When Silas tells him that the man who murdered his family still runs free and seeks to kill him, Bod replies, "So? It's only death. I mean, all of my best friends are dead" (Gaiman, 179). Mowgli and Bod both live, but while Mowgli lives for the enjoyment of living, Bod lives because his ghostly companions will him to remain so, even though it separates him from them and makes his departure from the graveyard inevitable. Mowgli's difference in species from his companions creates tension, and his relationships thrive in spite of that tension. Thus, his departure from the jungle seems slightly more liberating than Bod's from the graveyard, as Bod's departure seems more temporary and bittersweet. Abbyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10243359522874975182noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-70812789923129399352014-04-22T16:25:00.003-04:002014-04-22T16:25:34.237-04:00Children as a Solution<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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In <i>The Graveyard Book</i>,
Neil Gaiman comments on modern society’s greed. This is quite similar to
Rudyard Kipling’s <i>The Jungle Book</i>. In
both works, the authors comment on the greed of men and depict a society in
which children, the innocent, are protected from modern society. An outside
world takes in a seemingly special child and gives him the knowledge and senses
necessary to survive without worldly desires. However, taking children out of their atypical developmental environments results in sensible, intelligent characters, as seen from Bod and Mowgli.<o:p></o:p></div>
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In <i>The Jungle Book</i>, Kipling shows an
organized, civilized society of animals that adopt a young boy, Mowgli, and
raise him to be a seemingly more civilized individual than his human
counterparts. Mowgli is taught the Law of the Jungle by Baloo and Bagheera. He
understands how to survive and get by on simply the “bare necessities.”
However, he cannot comprehend the worldly desires of men. When he takes the
bejeweled tusk from the white cobra’s cave, his small act of necessity,
proposing to take the tusk for hunting, results in the deaths of all the white
men exploring the jungle. The men kill each other in order to obtain the tusk
for financial gain. They do not see the practical use of the piece. Rather, the
humans see the tusk as power or a status symbol. Kipling depicts Mowgli
following the trails of each of the men to see exactly how they stepped and how
they were ultimately defeated. Mowgli has a deeper level of thinking than these
men. He can survive while the men slaughter each other for something they could
do without. However, the animals in the jungle are not killing each other. They
are able to hunt and survive with respect for one another. Thus, Kipling
juxtaposes the greedy society of humans falling apart at the seams while the
jungle has an organized system of rules that keeps it intact. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Gaiman
takes Kipling’s commentary a step farther in <i>The Graveyard Book</i> by not only condemning the greed of modern
society, but also suggesting humans look backward to history and their ancestry
to learn how to behave. He does this by using children, similar to Kipling, but
does more with the concept of children having the capacity to understand how to
“live.” Bod is rescued from the man Jack by the people of the graveyard, like
the jungle accepts Mowgli. In Gaiman’s novel, human Life has become so corrupt
in its quest for power that Death is safer. The Jacks are out to possess more
power by killing the boy who can survive on the border of Life and Death. To be
protected from this greed, Bod must live among the dead. In the graveyard, he
learns about history from those who lived it. He passes this along to Scarlett.
Their knowledge of the Romans is surprising to adults, yet the children still
comprehend it. When Scarlett’s father asks, “Where did you hear about the
Romans?” she simply responds with “Everybody knows” (45).Through this scene and
the countless lessons Bod receives in the graveyard, Gaiman shows children
having the ability to learn complex and valuable lessons.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Because children have a greater
brain capacity than credited, they are the perfect place to start the
reformation of society. Thus, though society is corrupt with greed, children
are the solution for both Kipling and Gaiman. Placing children in an
environment absent from this need for power gives them the ability to grow into
sensible adults. In <i>The Graveyard </i>Book,
dancing with the dead lifts the spirits of the townspeople, and the world seems
to be a safer place. So, in teaching children to live a better life, Gaiman
suggests looking to the past, the dead, and learning from history. If children
are taught more about the past and protected from this greed, they will be able
to survive, as seen from the eventual success of Mowgli and Bod. After growing
to adulthood and learning about courage, bravery, respect, and much more, their
atypical environments release them. By depicting this, both authors show the
effectiveness of their developmental proposals.<o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14191306685823073390noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-2519062613937869802014-04-22T16:17:00.002-04:002014-04-22T16:17:17.456-04:00Villains in Kipling and Gaiman
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Upon completing <i>The
Jungle Book</i> by Rudyard Kipling and <i>The
Graveyard Book</i> by Neil Gaiman, similarities between both stories become
obvious. Both following a similar storyline, the books follow the childhood of
a boy growing up in a less than conventional way. In addition to this
characteristic, both Kipling’s Mowgli and Gaiman’s Bod encounter more than one
run in with a villain of some kind. Shere Khan from <i>The Jungle Book</i> and the man Jack from <i>The Graveyard Book</i> both symbolize a threat to what each author sees
as the ideal society. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In Kipling’s exotic story, Shere Khan is the lame tiger
whose attack on a family of humans causes Mowgli to stray into the jungle. Throughout
the book’s short stories, Shere Khan is constantly attempting to kill Mowgli
and have the meal he feels was unrightfully taken from him on day one. The
other animals of the jungle all know of Shere Khan’s plans, and do everything
in their efforts to protect Mowgli until the boy is ready to defeat Shere Khan
in his own right. Defeating Shere Khan is what finally allows Mowgli to earn
power and respect in the jungle and have free, uninterrupted reign of its land.
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Gaiman’s villain is slightly different. The man Jack is sent
to Bod’s childhood home with one mission, murder the family, most importantly
the baby boy, and slip out undetected. Bod’s curiosity causes him to escape
Jack’s knife and stray into the graveyard, into the arms of his soon to be
replacement parents. In the ensuing years, Bod’s only guarantee of protection
is staying in the graveyard, never venturing into the human world. Although
this is a slight twist on Kipling’s tale, Jack’s motives are entirely similar
to those of Shere Khan. Jack feels as if he has the right to the baby boy that
escaped his grasp that night, and he spends years attempting to complete his job.
But by defeating Jack, Bod is able to come and go freely from the graveyard
without fear. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
It is the initial actions of each villain that cause both
Mowgli and Bod to stray from the conventional life they were intended to live.
And it is the presence of these villains that remains as a constant threat to
each boy throughout their childhood. Although Shere Khan and Jack have many
surface level differences, their underlying motives and actions are quite
similar. Both villains serve as a means of disrupting what each author sees as
the ideal childhood. By defeating these villains, both boys are able to
comfortably continue living in their unusual circumstances and eventually make
the transition into human life, taking with them the lessons they learned in
childhood. These unusual circumstances are what both Kipling and Gaiman see as
the ideal way for a boy to be raised, free to roam and experience life away
from humans, allowing for more lessons than a human raised child could ever
hope to learn. <o:p></o:p></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10168032051351464230noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-33417773109340088752014-04-22T16:02:00.002-04:002014-04-22T16:02:29.457-04:00Mowgli’s Self-interest Versus Bod’s Unselfishness
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Comparing the story of “The King’s Ankus” in Rudyard
Kipling’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book</i> to the plot
of “The Witch’s Headstone” in Neil Gaiman’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Graveyard Book</i> suggests that the protagonists are motivated by different
ideals. Mowgli is motivated by curiosity while Bod seeks to help others. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Upon entering the white cobra’s lair, Mowgli is not fazed at
all by the treasure that surrounds him, even though “no mere money would begin
to pay the value of [it]” (Kipling 252). Similarly, Bod has no idea that the treasures
in the Celtic grave should be in a museum. Although they do not know the value
of the artifacts that they find, both characters have different motives for
removing them. Mowgli decides to take the ankus because the “gold-inlaid steel
with picture of elephant-catching” interests him (Kipling 252). The white cobra
tries to stop Mowgli from taking it because he believes “It is death!” (Kipling
254). Bod, on the other hand, removes the King’s broach to sell it for money to
buy Liza Hempstock a tombstone (Gaiman 122). When he enters the grave to remove
it, the sleer guarding the treasures also provides a warning similar to that of
the white cobra’s. Once Mowgli and Bod have removed the artifacts, they both
realize the consequences for taking them. Mowgli and Bagheera follow a group of
hunters until they have all killed each other, (Kipling 259) while Abanazer
Bolger traps Bod until he gets into a fight with his partner. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
The result of each theft also highlights the different underlying motives
that Mowgli and Bod have for committing them. Mowgli takes the ankus out of
self-interest, and as a result he discovers the death it brings upon multiple
people overcome by greed. Bod takes the broach out of compassion for Liza and
does not actually come in contact with death, only greed. The more serious
consequences that Mowgli faces could possibly be a direct implication of his
decision to serve his own interests. The less serious consequence that Bod
manages to overcome is different because his motive for stealing is different
from Mowgli’s. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">Bod seeks to help others while Mowgli does what he wants for himself. </span></div>
Dan Haaghttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00984573341560563938noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-54852931687686373632014-04-22T16:00:00.003-04:002014-04-22T16:00:25.284-04:00The Key Is Loyalty
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book</i> and in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book</i>, the authors showcase
model behavior through their protagonists.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Kipling and Gaiman teach their readers’ lessons in how to properly
behave and what people should strive to be.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>One of the qualities that is emphasized often is loyalty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In both stories, the protagonists, Mowgli and
Bod, cling to those who protected and cared for them when they were in a
fragile situation.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
With the
help and guidance that the animals provide Mowgli, he develops a loyalty
unrivaled by any other characters in the short stories.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For example, in “Mowgli’s Brothers” Mowgli
saves Akela’s life, which is the most selfless display of gratitude he could
give to Akela.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Akela steps up to defend
Mowgli as he says, “it is certain that I must die, and my life is of no worth,
or I would offer that in the man-cub’s place” (Kipling 20).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mowgli recognizes this gesture as the purest
sign of friendship and returns the favor.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>His loyalty coincides with the Law of the Jungle that governs the
animals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In “The Law of the Jungle”
poem, Rudyard Kipling writes, “For the strength of the Pack is the Wolf, and
the strength of Wolf is the Pack” (Kipling 172).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The animals must rely on each other because
in times of danger, they must trust the strength of their allies to overcome
the danger.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Thus, loyalty is key in the
law of the jungle and in surviving.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Because Mowgli grows up in an environment that caters to this belief, he
emphasizes loyalty in his actions.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
Although Bod
is raised in a much different environment, he too develops loyalty to those who
saved him initially from the man Jack.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Similar to Mowgli protecting Akela, Bod reacts in a similar way when the
Jacks who are hunting him threaten his home.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>After ensuring his childhood friend Scarlett is safely hidden, Bod
returns to the graveyard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Scarlett,
worried about his safety, asks Bod why he does not just hide with her or run
away; Bod replies, “this is my home, and I’m going to protect it” (Gaiman
264).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Additionally, Bod showcases his
loyal nature when Jack Frost threatens Scarlett’s life.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bod puts himself in harm’s way to protect his
dear friend and demand’s that Jack let Scarlett go.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In both of these situations, Bod is bravely
loyal and does not hesitate to put others or his home before himself.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
While both
Kipling and Gaiman’s stories involve moments of extreme danger, they are
accompanied by acts of loyalty and bravery.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Through the use of characters like Mowgli and Bod, the authors
successfully demonstrate that loyalty is a necessary component to survival in both
the jungle and in the graveyard. </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05550464727265263465noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-56467439195947197282014-04-22T15:54:00.005-04:002014-04-22T15:54:57.850-04:00Parallel Introductions<div class="MsoNormal">
The
Graveyard Book by Neil Gaiman and the Jungle Book by Rudyard Kipling have many
striking similarities throughout their stories. They both revolve around a
young boy who has been taken away from human civilization and is raised based
on the Laws of the land. Particularly in the beginning of each of these stories,
the similarities are rather apparent.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
In the Jungle Book, the wolves find Mowgli after
Shere Khan attempted to kill him. When the wolves save the man club, Shere Khan
demands for the man cub to be returned to him, as it is his kill. The wolves
refuse, and ultimately decide to keep him as their own when Mother Wolf
confronts Shere Khan by saying, “The man’s cub is mine, Lungri – mine to me! He
shall not be killed. He shall live to run with the Pack,” (Kipling 9). This interaction
is parallel to Mrs. Owens demanding that Bod be kept in the Graveyard to
protect him from the man Jack. She shows her determination similar to Mother Wolf
when she rebuttals, “’I can look after him […] as well as his own mama. She already
gave him to me. Look: I’m holding him, aren’t I? I’m touching him,’” (Gaiman
22). Here, it is clear that the mothers are the influential force in each of
these stories for persuading the others to allow the boys to stay. They are
protecting the children from the ones trying to kill them, and this is
consistent in both stories. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
However, the mother’s will is not enough
to persuade everyone; there is a set of laws that must be followed in both
cases. Mowgli must be brought to Akela, the Lone Wolf, in order to decide his
fate. Akela is described as “the great gray Lone Wolf, who led all the Pack,”
(Kipling 11). Bod, too, must be brought to the leader of the graveyard, who is
described by Gaiman as, “a woman, clothed head to foot in gray” (Gaiman 30). In
both stories, the leader of the “pack” is a lone individual clad in gray. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
There is similarity between
Bagheera and Silas in these two stories; neither were born into the Jungle or
Graveyard. Bagheera tells Mowgli, “I was born among men […] I had never seen
the jungle,” (Kipling 16). Mrs. Owens reveals that Silas had been given Freedom
of the Graveyard when she says, “It en’t the first time we’d’ve given the
Freedom of the Graveyard to an outsider” (Gaiman 23). And, as a result, both Bagheera
and Silas act as vouches for the young boys to be allowed to stay among the
others. They sympathize with the boys, as they too had to be accepted by their
peers. Bagheera and Silas end up as teachers for the strange boys, as they feel
the most empathy towards them. <o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
The Graveyard Book and The Jungle Book
have almost mirror image introductions. The similarities can be seen in the
threat of the boys’ lives, the mothers’ protective and persuasive nature, the portrayal
of the leaders, and the boys’ teachers. <o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03645570793864808049noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-50752035808132919932014-04-22T15:50:00.003-04:002014-04-22T15:50:46.377-04:00Monkeys and Ghouls<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
The main characters in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book </i>are both portrayed as heroes of their stories,
but they differ in one key characteristic: obedience to the law. Mowgli is
represented as the ideal boy becoming a man in the jungle, while Bod is
represented as an explorative boy who learns from his experiences, good or bad.
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>An
occurrence that takes place in both books is the main characters being “taken”
by creatures that are not accepted by the rest of the jungle or the graveyard.
“I went away, and the gray apes came down from the trees and had pity on me. No
one else cared,” says Mowgli as he attempts to justify why he ventured through
the jungle with The Monkey People (Kipling 30). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Mowgli’s adventure was primarily out of
ignorance of the fact that the monkeys are vindictive animals and lack any law
in the jungle. Kipling is making the argument that if one wants to succeed in
life, he or she must obey the laws. When Mowgli does not obey the law, such as
when he goes off with The Monkey People, that is when his life is at risk and
he is not on the path to success in the jungle. Mowgli was vulnerable and
unaware that what he was doing was wrong, but had he known it was against the
law, he would have never done it- a point that greatly distinguishes him from
Bod. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Unlike
Mowgli, Bod’s journey to Ghûlheim was deliberate and he did have the proper
warning to stay away from the ghouls; “Why do you keep away from them? Where do
they come from? Where do they go? Why do you not stand near a ghoul-gate?” Miss
Lupescu questions Bod as she educates him on the dangers of the ghouls (Kipling
70). The fact that Bod had the proper warning to stay clear of the ghouls and
still agreed to go with them differentiates him from Mowgli because Mowgli
would never go against the Law of the Jungle. On the other hand, Bod is
inquisitive and wants to experience anything that is unknown to him, even if it
breaks the rules set for him in the graveyard. Bod recognizes that to learn
things in life, sometimes he has to break the rules because the end result is
worth the risk of the experience. Even after his near death experience with the
ghouls, Bod tells Silas, “It’s okay. Miss Lupescu looked after me. I was never
in any danger” (Kipling 98). Bod just broke one of the biggest rules set for
him, yet he can act like it was nothing because he gained real life experience
from it. Now he truly knows why you don’t stand near the ghoul-gate.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>These two
stories characterize the main protagonists in each book, portraying Mowgli as a
straightforward boy who follows the rules to achieve success and Bod as a rule
breaker who gains real life experience mainly when he strays from the “Law of
the Graveyard.”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07648995093342969215noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-25107235409275981802014-04-22T15:15:00.003-04:002014-04-22T15:15:43.513-04:00Obedience or Curiosity?<div class="MsoNormal">
Although <i>The Graveyard Book</i> is practically <i>The</i> Jungle Book written in a different
setting, Neiman’s story emphasizes curiosity, while <i>The</i> <i>Jungle Book</i>
emphasizes obedience. Neiman’s emphasis
on curiosity is most prevalent with Bod’s behavior. Bod is a very curious child who is constantly
wanting to explore and experience new parts of the graveyard and outside world. An example of how Bod learns from his curiosity
is asking about who lives in the graves.
When Bod initially asks Silas this question, Silas realizes that Bod
hasn’t learned the alphabet yet, which is why he brings Bod two “brightly
colored alphabet books and a copy of <i>Cat
in the Hat</i>” (Gaiman 38). He uses
these books to teach Bod how to apply the alphabet and answer his curious
questions on his own by finding “the letters of the alphabet when they appeared”
on the headstones (38). Bod is rewarded
with knowledge for being curious, but he also receives protection from meeting
new friends in the graveyard. Bod is
instructed not to go into Potter’s Field, but because he is curious he does so
anyway. There Bod meets Liza a witch who
is looked down upon by the rest of the graveyard, but because Bod has empathy
for her he decides to go on a mission to buy her a headstone. On this mission, he is trapped by a pawn shop
owner, but Liza helps him escape. If Bod
hadn’t been curious about going into Potter’s Field, he would not have gone to
the pawn shop. However, because Bod went
into Potter’s Field he made a new ally, Liza.
While curiosity is emphasized in <i>The</i>
<i>Graveyard Book, The</i> <i>Jungle Book</i> places higher value no
obedience. Kipling emphasizes obedience through
Mowgli’s behavior. Examples of Mowgli’s
obedience are when he is ordered to do something, he does it or faces the
consequences. Mowgli would have most
likely been killed by Shere Khan had Baghera not ordered Mowgli to fetch the “Red
Flower.” Obedience saves Mowgli’s life,
which is why Mowgli embraces it. The
setting of the books is also why obedience is emphasized. Mowgli learns the “Laws of the Jungle” which are
all to be kept and respected in order to avoid anarchy such as the monkeys’ way
of life. While Mowgli knows that
obedience is important, he also knows that disobedience has severe
consequences. When Mowgli is failing to
listen during one of his lessons with Baloo, he is beaten to a point of feeling
concussed. While both books are very
similar, their emphasis on what is important differs being that curiosity is
valued more than obedience in <i>The</i> <i>Graveyard Book</i> while it is the opposite
in <i>The Jungle Book. <o:p></o:p></i></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09724783072618723517noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-88850115702947736822014-04-22T14:42:00.001-04:002014-04-22T14:42:11.086-04:00Mowgli, Bod, Values, and Society
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In considering <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Graveyard Book </i>to be conduct books written for children (and adults), and
Mowgli and Bod to be the ‘ideal child’, readers are able to ascertain much
about the values of good behavior and how they have changed from the late
nineteenth to early twenty-first centuries. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
Rudyard Kipling’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book</i>,
one of Mowgli’s most admirable characteristics is his obedience. Mowgli is not willing
to disobey the laws of the jungle, even when he playfully disobeys his
guardians, Baloo and Bagheera. Mowgli learns from the time he is brought into
the jungle world that there are rules that must be unconditionally followed; it
is just how the jungle works. For the most part, Mowgli obeys the rules. He
learns all of the languages of the jungle, even though he does not want to. He
obeys his elders during the Pack Council meetings, even though they often look
down upon him. If Mowgli does not follow the rules, he is often beaten by Baloo
or other members of the jungle. For example, during one lesson when Mowgli runs
away from language learning, he is cuffed until bruised by Baloo for defying
Baloo’s teachings. Readers are therefore expected to view Mowgli’s obedience to
the jungle that accepted him as his most admirable trait. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Mowgli is also loyal to his animal
friends, sometimes to the point of being against his own self-interest.
Mowgli’s loyalty inhibits his learning and open-mindedness toward life outside
the jungle. He refuses Haathi and Akeela’s suggestions that he will one day
leave the jungle, claiming that he hates the human world. And once Mowgli
actually experiences the human world, he becomes ever more set in his
determination to remain a part of the jungle. Mowgli’s fierce loyalty to his
family, to guardians, and to his home is also presented as an admirable trait.
But in some ways, Mowgli’s loyalty undermines his own learning opportunities.
Mowgli’s immediate distrust and anger at the people of village compromises an
opportunity to learn about humans and the world to which he will one day
return. In this instance, (but admittedly in hindsight) Mowgli’s loyalty is not
to his advantage. However, we are expected to respect Mowgli for his unwavering
concern for his animal friends and his jungle home. We are also expected to admire
the fact that Mowgli (for the most part) does as he is taught and does not
violate the laws of the jungle. His fierce loyalty, respect for figures of
authority, and obedience are all presented as admirable traits. Mowgli thus
gives readers insight into the values of the late nineteenth century. If Mowgli
is considered to be the ‘ideal boy’, then obedience, respect for authority, and
uncompromising (bordering on hard-headed) loyalty are to be considered ideal
traits. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book</i> suggests that
these traits are most admirable and should be desired and desirable in every
human being. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>However,
Bod’s value in Neil Gaiman’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Graveyard Book </i>is slightly different. Although Bod learns the laws of the
graveyard, comparable to Mowgli’s learning the laws of the jungle, Bod is
encouraged to discover the outside world in the safest manner possible. Bod
knows he will one day have to inhabit this human world, and so he takes it as
his duty to learn as much as he can. Bod’s unquenchable curiosity is given as
his most noteworthy trait. This contrasts with Mowgli, who refuses to learn
about his future world, even to the point of hurting his own chances in this
world. Additionally, although Bod is expected to be obedient and respect the
teachings of his guardians Silas, Mrs. Lupescu, and the Owenses, this doesn’t always
happen. For instance, Bod is encouraged by Silas to learn about history and
letter-writing from the dead in the graveyard. In addition, when Bod suggests
that he should go to school, Silas, although at first unwilling, is convinced
when Bod declares he wants to learn about ‘everything’. There are numerous
other instances of Bod bending the rules of the graveyard out of personal
curiosity, like when he travels into the Potter’s Field and befriends Liza. But
in these moments, Bod’s curiosity is not punished in the way Mowgli’s
transgressions are. Although Bod may receive a stern reproach or, at most, a
spanking, he is then later encouraged to explore again the world he will have
to inhabit. Bod’s deep desire to learn and explore is thus presented as an
admirable quality. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Additionally, Bod’s deep empathy is
also presented as an admirable trait. Throughout <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book</i>, Bod is presented as a boy who has the ability
to talk to, connect with, and make friends with everyone. He is able to form
genuine friendships with a human, a vampire, a werewolf, a witch, and the
assorted dead. Bod’s willingness to make new friends with most everyone he
meets is given as an admirable trait. Bod’s personality again reveals the
values of the twenty-first century. Gaiman is asserting that curiosity, the
willingness to experience and learn, and the willingness to be kind and make
friends with all different sorts of people are valued most highly in our
society today. Obedience, on the other hand, can be put aside for the sake of
any of these other characteristics. If rule-breaking is necessary to make
friends (like in Bod’s friendship with Liza), so be it. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-indent: 0.5in;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book </i>and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Graveyard Book, </i>notions of good and admirable qualities are revealed
through the ‘ideal child’ models of Mowgli and Bod. By presenting the
personality traits of these boys as admirable, both Kipling and Gaiman are revealing
traits that constitute a good human from their respective time periods. For
Kipling, obedience, respect for authority, and loyalty are of the utmost
importance for Mowgli and for the late-nineteenth century. For Gaiman, however,
curiosity, willingness to explore and experience, and empathy are invaluable
for Bod and for living in the twenty-first century. As both authors reveal
qualities for the making of admirable children and adults through their
protagonists Mowgli and Bod, they are also revealing the societal values from
their respective eras. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00999200015893661251noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-49764862795168704042014-04-22T14:16:00.006-04:002014-04-22T14:16:56.260-04:00Boundaries Heighten Curiosity<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>“The
grass is greener on the other side.” We want what we can’t have. The primary
difference between <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book</i>’s
Mowgli and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book</i>’s Bod
is that Bod can see beyond the graveyard fence to what lies outside of his
world – Mowgli is completely submersed in the vastness of the jungle. Because
he can see what he can’t have and wonders what the world of the living is like,
Bod’s curiosity envelops him and he realizes that there are things he must
learn outside of the graveyard to ever hope to live there someday.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Boundaries
have a funny way of heightening curiosity yet clearly defining one’s belonging.
Because Bod feels that he doesn’t fit in with the world of the dead, yet he is
physically bounded by the graveyard fence, he longs to explore the outside
world where he came from and recognizes that there is knowledge out there that
he needs. “ ‘I’ve learned a lot in this graveyard,’ said Bod. ‘But there’s a
world out there, with the sea in it, and islands, and shipwrecks and pigs. I
mean, it’s filled with things I don’t know. And the teachers here have taught
me lots of things, but I need more. If I’m going to survive out there, one day”
(Gaiman 180). Bod desires to no longer be bound by the fear that the man who killed
his family, but rather to face it head-on and learn to protect himself. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>Mowgli,
on the other hand, has more of a mental boundary, rather than physical
boundary, in the jungle. The Law of the Jungle provides structure to the
enormity of the area, but Mowgli has more freedom than Bod does, giving him an
outlet for his curiosity. Mowgli can’t see the human world around him and know
that he can’t go there. The freedom he has gives him more of a healthy
curiosity of the world around him, not a desire to get out.</div>
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<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In
his earlier years, Bod could satisfy his curiosity by asking Silas questions
and merely observing the world beyond the fence. But he doesn't always get a clear answer. He was even advised against going some places within the graveyard, like Potter's Field and the Witch's Headstone (Gaiman 100). But now, as he gets older and
more confident, the graveyard boundaries are doing nothing but enforcing Bod’s
instinct that he cannot learn everything he needs to know while limited in the
world of the dead. He longs to be with people like him and to know how to
defend himself. The limits of boundaries and laws define where Bod and Mowgli
belong, but also spark a desire to break them. </div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09321685546021856993noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-30789994596467521442014-04-22T13:58:00.000-04:002014-04-22T13:58:13.262-04:00The "Perfect" Child ModelTime always brings about changes, especially when it comes to culture. This difference is very evident when comparing and contrasting The Jungle Book and The Graveyard Book. The differences between Mowgli and Nobody can be boiled down to one simple thing, they are from different time periods. I believe that both Kipling and Gaiman were attempting to write about the ideal child when they chose their main characters. But, of course, these are two rather different things because the books were written more than 100 years apart. In The Jungle Book, Mowgli is an obedient, strong, and brave child. He is the epitome of a manly man, which was the ideal back when Kipling wrote the stories. Now Bod does exhibit some of these traits, such as bravery or courage, but the main difference is the way that the two learn. Mowgli is, for the most part, obedient, he learns by being taught. Bod on the other hand is a much more curious child. He explores more, and wants to go out into the world and learn things on his own. This curiosity exhibits the change in the "perfect" child model that has come about over the past 100 years. No longer is it ideal for children to be perfectly obedient and learn only what they are taught. Nowadays children are expected to figure out some parts of the world for themselves, and be more independent than ever before. Because of this, I believe that Kipling and Gaiman were basically doing the same thing, however the changes in our culture over the last 100 years caused Gaiman to adapt the personality and story of Bod from the original character of Mowgli. Of course The Graveyard Book was based on The Jungle Book, but there are disagreements on just how similar the two are. To me, it seems as though Gaiman was just updating The Jungle Book for modern times and this explains almost all the differences in the characters. It is not that Gaiman chose to change the personality of Bod from Mowgli, but it was dictated by our modern society. Otherwise no one could relate to the book and it would not sell. This change in culture accounts for the main differences between The Jungle Book and The Graveyard Book.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08925831068350179826noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-86420365809343423242014-04-22T13:27:00.001-04:002014-04-22T13:27:38.762-04:00Children's Conduct<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<i>The
Graveyard Book</i> and <i>The Jungle Book</i>
exemplify how children should behave in their respective times. Kipling’s
themes reflect a desire for security and social structure while Gaiman’s themes
reflect a desire for group happiness and prosperity.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Rudyard Kipling’s <i>The Jungle Book</i>, written at the end of
the 19<sup>th</sup> century, argues that children should be strong and
obedient. Mowgli, the idealized male child, exemplifies all of these traits.
The main trait is obedience, best exemplified by the law of the jungle. People
and animals who obey the law of jungle live in harmony, while those who do not,
such as Sheer Khan, the Bandar Log, and the Mugger, all suffer. When the wolf
pack is trying to run Mowgli off under the direction of Sheer Khan, his
response is, “I have obeyed the law of the jungle,” which should prove his loyalty
and utility to the pack (Kipling 16). Other animals echo this theme of
obedience, as Billy the Mule says, “All you have to do is obey the man at your
head and ask no questions” (Kipling 146). Since disobedience causes problems
for the whole group, such as army have problems if a pack mule does not do his
job, obedience is a way of ensuring group security.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Neil Gaiman takes a very different approach
in dealing with childhood behavior. Written in the early 21<sup>st</sup>
century, <i>The Graveyard Book</i> contends
that children should be curious and empathetic. While curiosity usually results
in trouble for Mowgli, leading to his capture by the Bandar Log and subsequent
punishment, curiosity is an essential part of Bod’s life. While he does get into
trouble for being curious, such as his capture by the ghouls and the man Jack
nearly finding him during his encounter with Abanazer, Bod’s curiosity is the
only thing that leads him out of the graveyard. Bod recognizes that only by
exploring the world and learning new things can he defeat the Jacks and live
his life up to his “infinite potential” (Gaiman 179). In addition, the last
thing Mrs. Owens tells Bod when leaves the graveyard is to “leave no path
untaken,” a task that requires curiosity and the exploration of new places
(Gaiman 307). Without curiosity as a motivator, the living would be unable to
realize their potential. Besides curiosity, empathy is an emphasized
characteristic in the modern child. Bod’s empathy for the plight of Liza
Hempstock, leads him on a quest to get a headstone for her. This quest puts him
in danger, as he encounters people who can contact Jack. However, in return for
empathizing with Liza and trying to help her, she says, “now, perhaps I can do
a good turn for you” (Gaiman 132). Liza helps Bod avoid Abanazer and Tom and
later becomes his friend. Bod’s empathy for Liza results in greater happiness
for Liza and for himself, making two lives better. The power of empathy is
something that the modern child should understand and use to help improve collective
human life.<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02181041656497598267noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-50248247170355544562014-04-22T13:26:00.004-04:002014-04-22T13:26:25.171-04:00Obedience to Law: Mowgli vs. BodMowgli's survival in <u>The Jungle Book</u>, written by Rudyard Kipling, is entirely dependent on his willingness and ability to learn and follow Jungle Law. Very rarely does the reader see Mowgli disobey the Law, and never purposefully. When this occurs Mowgli is punished very severely for his transgression, both by his mentors and with being placed in an incredibly dangerous situation. When compared to Mowgli's (almost) complete obedience to the Law, the reader sees a large distinction to Bod of <u>The Graveyard Book,</u> written by Neil Gaiman. There are numerous occasions in <u>The Graveyard Book</u> where Bod consciously chooses to disobey the Law, and meets with mixed results because of this. The fact that Bod is able to weigh the costs and benefits of disobeying the Law, and then act accordingly based on his evaluation, sets him apart from Mowgli. Due to this difference between the two protagonists, the reader is able to infer that Kipling placed a greater importance on strict obedience to the Law than Gaiman, who allows Bod to bend the Law when he feels it is necessary.<br />
<br />
One of the few instances during <u>The Jungle Book</u> in which Mowgli breaks Jungle Law is during "Kaa's Hunting." Mowgli has not been warned by Baloo to never associate with the Bandar-Log, and as a result he spends time with them, "...and then they gave me nuts and pleasant things to eat..and said I was their blood-brother..and should be their leader one day" (Page 30). For his mistake, Mowgli is met with a long, harsh tongue-lashing by Baloo. For breaking the Law, even unknowingly, Mowgli receives stern punishment. This story illustrates Kipling's views on the importance and unquestionable nature of the Law; it is the duty of all citizens to know it and follow it completely.<br />
<br />
Bod breaks Graveyard Law many times, but never as successfully as Chapter Four, "The Witch's Headstone." He is told countless times never to leave the graveyard because he cannot be protected outside of its borders, but Bod feels such great empathy for Elizabeth Hempstock, due to her being buried on unconsecrated ground without a headstone, that he decides to risk a trip into the living world. Bod is met with all kinds of peril, but ends up able to find a beautifully colored paperweight to use as a headstone for Liza. Due to his display of kindness, he gains a very valuable friend in Liza when she shows her approval of her new headstone, "'Not bad,' said a pert voice from the Potter's Field behind him. 'Not bad at all.'" Liza will in return help Bod on his journeys several times. Bod bends Graveyard Law when it is to help another individual, the good of a person surpasses the good of the Law.<br />
<br />
By comparing these two stories to one another, the reader can hash out themes and viewpoints of the respective authors of both books. Kipling implies that a strict adherence to the Law is completely necessary, and even a slight misstep is reason enough for punishment. However, Gaiman suggests that in some situations, a bending of the Law is acceptable if it is necessary to help another person.Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04359433821096388278noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-88163295504674936802014-04-22T13:16:00.001-04:002014-04-22T13:16:05.427-04:00Moral Ambiguity versus Binary Morality <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 8.25pt; margin-left: 22.0pt; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #2d2d2d; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">First, foremost,
and forever: I owe an enormous debt, conscious and, I have no doubt,
unconscious, to Rudyard Kipling and the two volumes of his remarkable work <i>The
Jungle Book</i>. I read them as a child, excited and impressed, and I've read
and re-read them many times since. If you are only familiar with the Disney
cartoon, you should really read the stories<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-pagination: none; text-align: right; text-autospace: none;">
<span style="color: #2d2d2d; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">—Neil Gaiman, <i>The Graveyard Book</i>, Acknowledgments<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>As Gaiman’s
epigraph indicates, Kipling’s influence on <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Graveyard Book</i> is fairly pervasive, extending to the novel’s narrative
structure, character list, and general themes. Although Gaiman’s adaptation parallels
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book </i>on numerous levels,
his 21<sup>st</sup> century version presents a novel spin on the binary
opposition between good and evil offered up by Kipling. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book</i>, the representation of
good and evil is fairly clear-cut and easy to identify. Those animals that
stray from the jungle law are marked as evil while those that strictly obey the
ominous laws of the jungle are commended for their exemplary actions. For
example Shere Khan, Mowgli’s nemesis, is characterized as evil when he breaks
the jungle law by becoming the first jungle animal to kill (How Fear Came to
the Jungle 159).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>His selfish actions create
a sense of fear, “that walks up and down the jungle by day and by night”(How
Fear Came to the Jungle 170). The tiger is eventually eliminated from the plot
when he vows to kill Mowgli, breaking yet another jungle law and showing a
complete lack of any redeemable qualities. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In contrast to the often one-sided characters
of Kipling’s work, the potential for both good and evil exists in all of
Gaiman’s characters. Even Jack, the novel’s most profound conceptualization of
evil, is cast in a more humane light than the typical antagonist. Initially
Jack’s predatory nature is brought to the forefront as the parallel between his
role in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book </i>and Shere
Khan’s role in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book </i>becomes
clear. Just as Shere Khan hunted for baby Mowgli (Mowgli’s Brothers 8-10), so
does Jack use his sense of smell to track down baby Bod (How Nobody Came to the
Graveyard 9). <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
However, as the novel progresses
Gaiman’s unique macabre sense of humor begins to distort the reader’s
perception of Jack’s nature. During a brief interlude in The Witch’s Headstone,
the reader witnesses Jack in the kitchen with his grandmother (138). Given his
apparent evil nature, Jack’s residence with his grandmother is incongruous with
his previously presented disposition. The idea of dual identities in regards to
Jack is further emphasized when it is revealed that the fumbling old bachelor
Mr. Frost is actually Jack in disguise. Scarlett’s adamant protests that Mr.
Frost is indeed <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">nice </i>(256) force the
reader to consider which parts of Jack’s personality are innate: the middle
aged man living with his grandmother, the harmless Mr. Frost, or the merciless
murderer. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Jack’s moral ambiguity reiterates
Gaiman’s preference for delving into the psychological and moral depths of his
characters versus Kipling’s reliance on a black and white portrayal of morality.
Shere Khan is the epitome of selfish evil while Jack represents the idea that
perhaps no one is inherently good or bad. <o:p></o:p></div>
Emily Kovalhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/07297193283164993601noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-36653149955050377682014-04-22T10:01:00.000-04:002014-04-22T10:01:10.175-04:00Empathy
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Empathy plays a key role in both <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book.</i> However, the reasoning behind the empathy of
the main characters and the rewards they receive differ between the two
stories. In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book,</i>
empathy is considered the civic duty of all people, in order to help those in
need. In <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book, </i>empathy is
used as another means of group survival. </div>
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<br /></div>
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The Lady on the Grey in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book</i> states the importance
of empathy when she instructs the graveyard to have “charity,” (Gaiman 30). The
Lady on the Grey instructs the graveyard to have charity in taking care of Bod,
and be empathetic toward the infant who can not help himself. There are no
benefits derived by the graveyard in helping the baby. Mr. Owens, speaking on
behalf of his wife, says, “She sees it as doing her duty,” (Gaiman 21). Gaiman
believes that people should empathize with others in need, not for any
particular gain but simply because they need help. Bod, taken in by the
graveyard because of the notion of empathy and charity to those in need, begins
to commit charitable acts on his own later in the story. Two of his classmates
steal and bully from other students, and Bod helps the classmates and prevents
the bullying. Bod gains nothing, except perhaps a feeling of self worth, from
helping his fellow students.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Bod helps
the students in need because of Gaiman’s notion of empathy for the sake of
those in need, and not because of a desire for group survival. </div>
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<br /></div>
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In contrast, characters in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book</i> use empathy as a means
of survival among the constant threat of the jungle. Mowgli is accepted into
the wolf pride in exchange for food, not because of an innate desire to help
those in need. The young wolves respond to this exchange, when they say, “The
cub can be bought for a price. It is the Law,” (13 Kipling). The wolves have no
established desire or need to be empathetic toward the young child, but become
empathetic in exchange for food. Akela, after the exchange of food for the
child is finalized, states, “Men and their cubs are very wise. He may be a help
in time,” (13 Kipling). Akela reveals the nature of empathy in the jungle in
this passage. There are no favors amongst its inhabitants; rather help is given
in exchange for a price or a perceived value in the future. </div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
Both <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The
Jungle Book</i> display empathy and compassion to a child in need. However, empathy
in <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Graveyard Book </i>is given
because it is perceived as the duty of those who give help. In contrast, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">The Jungle Book</i>, uses empathy as a
bargaining chip for the survival of animals within the jungle.</div>
Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-74026994089078642372014-04-22T09:52:00.003-04:002014-04-22T09:52:42.888-04:00The consequences of curiosity<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
In the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Jungle Book </i>and<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> The Graveyard
book,</i> Mowgli and Bod both exhibit loyalty to their society’s inhabitants
but the two characters sometimes disobey due to their curious tendencies. Bod
decides to take the brooch in order to help the dead, while Mowgli takes the ankus
out of greed. Both characters are threatened, but Mowgli is able to handle the
situation independently, while Bod depends on those around him.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Mowgli takes the ankus, he knows little
of its value. Mowgli refers to the treasure as a “thorn-pointed thing”(Kipling 252)
and wants it out of greed, yet he disregards White Hood warnings about its
consequences. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Though Mowgli has no
reason to believe the warnings and is threatened by White Hood, his instinct to
kill out of greediness for ankus reflects Mowgli’s lack of boyish trust. However,
Mowgli finally listens to Bagheera’s warnings about the ankus and the death it
brings saying “If I had known this, I wouldn’t have taken it.” (Kipling 255). White
Hood had already warned Mowgli of the ankus’s tendencies but Mowgli shows
loyalty by only disposing of the ankus after talking with Bagheera. Over the
course of Mowgli’s interaction with the ankus, six humans die, but Mowgli has
no direct punishment. This differs from when Mowgli interacted with the monkeys
and received several “love taps” upon his return. The absence of punishment
reflects the jungle’s newfound trust in Mowgli’s curiosity and decisions.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
In comparison to Mowgli, Bod’s
curiosity is more restrained, but Bod disobeys for the good of others. Bod is
warned about Potter’s field and a visit would “not be advisable”(Gaiman 106),
but when Bod falls into the field, a witch meets him with kindness. When Bod enters
the tomb to steal the brooch, Bod, like Mowgli is met with warning, but Bod
leaves with his brooch rather than pursue to harm the Sleer. Unlike Mowgli, Bod
knows the value of what he is stealing and wishes to use it to buy a tombstone.
Bod is not above the advice of others as he takes the card with Jack’s name and
exits the pawnshop as Liza advises him. As with Mowgli and White Hood, Bod had
no reason to trust Liza, but does so due to her previous kindness and the
desperate nature of the situation. Bod is treated in a more childish way than
Mowgli, as he receives spankings and is affected by the “look of worry on Mrs.
Owen’s face.” (Gaiman 141). <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such
punishment shows Bod is still considered a dependent of the graveyard and is
still being taught that which is right and wrong.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Bod and Mowgli both disobey by
taking things that aren’t theirs, but only Bod is met with direct consequence.
Such comparison shows Mowgli is held more accountable for his actions, as he
returns the ankus on his own and listens to only a select amount of advice he
is given. Bod only exits his situation by trust and still needs help navigating
the world around him. While both characters are still loyal to those who raised
them, these situations highlight Mowgli has become a master of his surroundings
while Bod is still a sheltered dependent. <o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05709968893534426202noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-2032957045061709542014-04-22T09:26:00.000-04:002014-04-22T09:26:44.074-04:00Who is the Audience<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Who is the Audience<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>The Jungle Book</i> and <i>The Graveyard Book</i> display two male protagonists who largely differ
in their respective response to the law in which they are governed. Mowgli in the Jungle Book is governed by the
strict law of the jungle, a system “As old and as true as the sky,” (p 172),
while Bod faces a more lenient law of the graveyard which can often be
disregarded with situational necessities.
Both law systems hold large influences on each of the characters’ lives
but the actual responses of the characters to the systems reflects the cultural
background of each author and convey the values of each authors’ respective countries. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
The responses of each protagonist
displays each of the authors’ home country values and allows readers of similar
cultural beliefs to aspire to be more like the protagonists used. Great Britain, the home of <i>The Graveyard Book’s</i> author Neil Gaiman
and his protagonist Bod, instills an egalitarian and risk seeking attitude. Egalitarianism stated simply is the
acceptance for one to challenge authority regardless of age, gender, or other
factors on the basis that everyone is equal and thus equally able to define authority.
The risk-taking dimension defines failure
as an opportunity to learn rather than an unacceptable act. The mindset of countries such as Great
Britain, according to GlobeSmart (an online assessment profile of country
cultural dimensions), are strongly egalitarian and accepting towards risk. Citizens of like countries find rewards in <i>The Graveyard Book</i> towards challenging
authority through Bod’s ability to succeed in opposition to the laws. By disregarding the laws about the Potter’s Field, Bod is able to make a friend in the witch, who in turn is able to leave
the graveyard and help Bod in multiple situations throughout the book (both
with the men at the pawn shop and with the police). Furthermore, the punishments for Bod’s breaking
of the the law are minimal and often accepting in some form. For instance Miss Lepescu, after rescuing Bod
from the goblins, reprimands Bod orally but then changes to accommodate Bod and
begins to recognize his personal needs and cook better food for him.
Cultural values are reinstilled in the Great Britain and the Western
Hemisphere audiences who read Gaiman’s book.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
The same appeals to audiences exist
in <i>The Jungle Book</i>. India, Kipling’s home country, opposes Great
Britain, according to GlobeSmart, in its views of egalitarianism and
risk-taking (being hierarchical and risk averse). Hierarchical means that status is important
and disregarding status is highly disrespectful. With status comes respect and the same is
true for authority and law. Risk
aversion consists of the negative view of failure and the humiliation faced
when failure is realized. With these
values, it becomes more apparent why Mowgli is reprimanded so harshly at the
hands of Baloo when he disobeys the laws.
Also, little to nothing is accomplished when Mowgli breaks the
laws. Instead we see the law of the
jungle hold a strong role throughout Mowgli’s life and the life of the other
animals. For instance when an animal,
like the crocodile, disobeys the law and harms a human the animal is rightfully
punished as the white men come and disrupt the life of the guilty animal. Furthermore, animals who disregard the law
are disregarded themselves. For instance,
almost all of the animals of the jungle ignore the monkeys and refuse to deal
with them because they disregard the laws of the jungle; their status is very
low. Citizens of India-like countries
see Mowgli as an aspiration because Mowgli achieves much from following the
laws and is respected by his status in comparison to all those whom which he
interacts.<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;">
The intended audience influences
the view and the outcome in the interaction of the laws and society presented in each
of these works. The protagonist of each
author tries to appeal to the reader and make the reader want to be similar to
them through the maintenance of the audience’s values. This explains why Kipling’s protagonist
exemplifies values for hierarchy and aversion and Gaiman’s Bod demonstrates egalitarianism
and risk-taking characteristics. Both of
these characteristics define differing cultural boundaries between the two audiences and
the countries in which they represent.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13453710062948274142noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-132162778111479633.post-70886871143867496062014-04-22T03:46:00.000-04:002014-04-22T03:46:21.949-04:00Mowgli and Bod: Circumstantial evidence<br /><br />Both The Graveyard Book and The Jungle Book, can be interpreted as a behavior manual for children. Each work concentrates on slightly different values however both place a strong emphasis on obedience. The differences between cultures from modern day, and that of Kipling’s time are accentuated, especially in terms of the ways children should act. <br /><br />Both books stress the importance of a teacher other than their parents. This figure is a respectable role model for the child who acts as both a friend and a mentor for the growing child. Bod learns from Silas who serves as a bridge between the live and the dead which he states himself “I am neither” (Graveyard Book 149). Similarly Bagheera serves as a bridge between the animals and the humans in that he was “born among men” (Jungle Book 16). Because these two mentors are associated with both sides of heritage of the children, they can help Bod and Mowgli understand their place in society. <br /><br />Both books also stress the importance of obedience. Bod in general is fairly obedient. He stays within his realms within the Graveyard, and learns his lessons without much of a problem. Mowgli similarly memorizes the entire law of the Jungle, which is bolstered with his experiences with the monkeys. Both books utilize a story about breaking the rules, which has negative consequences (Mowgli and the Bandar-Log, and Bod with the Ghouls). Since they didn’t follow the rules, they found out why the rules exist.<br /><br />However Mowgli and Bod’s personalities seem to differ as both grow older. As Bod grows older he begins to become slightly more independent and have his own ideas. Silas works with Bod’s needs and agrees that “we should do our best to satisfy your interest in stories and book and the world” (Graveyard Book 210). Bod has a need for knowledge, which allows him to grow as an individual to become more accustomed to his own people. However Mowgli, eventually still prefers the jungle, and finds fault with many of the men from the same culture of his origin. Instead of knowledge, Mowgli is thrown into a position of leadership. He has influence over all of the creatures in the jungle however they maintain that he must go back to his people “Akela by the river said it, that Mowgli should drive Mowgli back to the Man-Pack” (Jungle Book 332).<br /><br />Each of these characters under different circumstances grow up in similar ways, but develop separately in terms of their circumstance. <br /><br /> <br /><br /> Jeremyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04698064203706820314noreply@blogger.com0